What is pelvic congestion syndrome (or pelvic venous congestion syndrome)?
Pelvic congestion syndrome (or pelvic venous congestion syndrome) is a condition that leads to chronic pelvic pain. It is believed to result from issues with the veins in the pelvic area, located in the lower abdomen. Veins are responsible for carrying blood back to the heart. In some women, the veins in the lower abdomen cease to function properly, causing blood to accumulate in these veins. As a result, the veins in the pelvis enlarge and change shape, resembling varicose veins in the lower extremities. This can result in pain and other symptoms associated with pelvic congestion syndrome. This condition predominantly affects women of childbearing age. Pelvic congestion syndrome is most commonly observed in women who have given birth to more than one child, but it can also occur in women who have not given birth.
What causes pelvic congestion syndrome?
Enlarged veins in the pelvis are a major contributing factor. However, in many women, enlarged veins do not manifest any symptoms. Pregnancy can elevate the risk of developing pelvic congestion syndrome. This is because during pregnancy, veins dilate to accommodate increased blood flow, which can result in persistent vein dilation and subsequent symptoms. Hormones also play a significant role in the development of pelvic venous congestion syndrome. Estrogen, for instance, widens the veins, which could explain why this condition is less prevalent after menopause, as estrogen levels decrease. Similarly, other hormones can also lead to vein dilation and the onset of symptoms.
Who is at risk of developing pelvic congestion syndrome?
The risk of developing pelvic congestion syndrome may be elevated if you have given birth to more than one child. The risk can also be increased if it is present in other members of your family.